Some definitions and abbreviations that are good to know. Pilot training. www.faaflighttraining.com



AIM Aeronautical Information Manual

ALS Approach Light System

ALSF-I  Approach Light System with sequenced Flashing Lights

ALSF-II ALS with sequenced flashing lights and red side row lights the last 1,000 ft.
ASOS Automated Surface Observing System.

ATC Air Traffic Control

ATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service

ATP Airline Transport Pilot

AWOS Automated Weather Observing Station

AWOS-1 Reports altimeter setting, wind data, temperature, dew point, and density altitude.

AWOS-2 All of the reports as in AWOS-1 plus visibility.

AWOS-3 the same as AWOS-2 plus cloud/ceiling data.

CAT Clear air turbulence

Ceiling the height above the earth’s surface of the lowest layer of clouds or obscuring phenomena that are reported as broken overcast or obscuration.

CL Centerline light

DA Decision Altitude

DH Decision Height

DME Distance Measuring Equipment

ETA Estimated time of arrival

ETE Estimated Time Enroute

FAA Federal Aviation Administration

FAF Final Approach Fix

FAP Final Approach Point

FAR Federal Aviation Regulation

FL Flight Level

Grid MORA grid minimum off-route altitude

The GRID MORA altitude provides terrain and altitude clearance within the section outlined by latitude and longitude lines.

GS Ground speed

GS Glide slope

GSIA Glide Slope Intercept Altitude

HAT Height above touchdown

HIRL High-intensity Runway Light System

IAF Initial Approach Fix

ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization

IFR Instrument Flight Rules

ILS Instrument Landing System

J-route Jet routes designated on high altitude enroute navigation charts.

L/D Ratio Lift to drag ratio.

LOC Localizer

M Symbol for the missed approach point on Jeppesen approach plates.

MAA Maximum authorized altitude.

Mach number This is the ratio of true airspeed to the speed of sound.

MAP Missed approach point.

MCA Minimum Crossing Altitude This is the lowest altitude at certain fixes at which an aircraft must cross.

MDA Minimum descent altitude.

MEA gap Established on enroute charts to denote a gap in nav-signal coverage.

MEA minimum enroute IFR altitude The lowest published altitude between radio fixes which assures acceptable navigational signal coverage and meets obstacle clearance requirements between those fixes.

METAR aviation routine weather report.

MM Middle marker

MOCA Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude The lowest published altitude in effect between radio fixes on VOR airways, off airway routes, or route segments which meet obstacle clearance requirements for the entire route segment and which assures acceptable navigational signal coverage only within 22 nautical miles of a VOR.

MRA Minimum reception altitude The lowest altitude at which an intersection can be determined.

MSA Minimum safe altitude Altitudes depicted on approach charts which provide at least 1,000 feet of obstacle clearance for emergency use within a specified distance from the navigation facility upon which a procedure is predicated.

MSL Mean sea level

MVA minimum vectoring altitude: The lowest altitude at which an IFR aircraft will be vectored by radar controller.

NM Nautical mile

NoPT No procedure turn authorized

NOTAM Notices to airmen

OPSSPECs. Operations specifications.

PAPI Precision approach path indicator

PDP Planned descent point

QFE Height above airport elevation or runway threshold elevation based on local station pressure.

QNE Altimeter setting 29.92 inches of mercury or 1013. Hectopascals or millibars.

QNH Altitude above mean sea level based on local station pressure.

RAs Resolution alert.

RCLM Runway centerline markings

Route MORA minimum off-route altitude The Route MORA altitude provides reference point clearance within 10NM of the route centerline.

Route MORA values clear all reference points by 1,000 feet in areas where the highest reference points are 5,000 feet MSL or lower.

Route MORA values clear all reference points by 2,000 feet in areas where the highest reference points are above 5,000 feet MSL.

RVR Runway visual range, it is measured from the touchdown zone area.

RVRNO RVR information not available.

SA Surface analysis weather report.

SLPNO Sea Level Pressure information not available.

TAF Terminal area forecast.

TAs Traffic alerts

TAS True air speed

TCAS Traffic alert and collision avoidance system TCAS I provides proximity warning only. No recommended avoidance maneuvers are provided nor authorized as a direct result of a TCAS I warning.

TCAS II Provides traffic advisories TAs and resolution advisories RAs. RAs provide recommended maneuvers in vertical direction only to avoid conflicting traffic.

TCAS III TCAS III provides features of TCAS II plus RAs in a horizontal direction to avoid conflicting traffic.

TCH Threshold crossing height

TDZL Touchdown zone lights

TERP United States standard for terminal Instrument procedures

TIT Turbine inlet Temperature

TR Transformer-rectifier

V1 Maximum speed in the takeoff at which the pilot must take the first action (apply brakes, reduce thrust, deploy speed brakes) to stop the airplane within the accelerate-stop distance.

V1 also means the minimum speed in the takeoff following a failure of the critical engine VEF at which the pilot can continue the takeoff and achieve the required height above the takeoff surface within the takeoff distance.

V2 Takeoff safety speed a referenced airspeed obtained after lift-off at which the required one-engine inoperative climb performance can be achieved.

VA Design maneuvering speed.

VASI Visual approach slope indicator

VB Design speed for maximum gust intensity.

VEF The speed at which the critical engine is assumed to fail during takeoff

VDP Visual descent point

VHF Very high frequency

VLE Maximum landing gear extended speed

VLO Maximum landing gear operating speed

VMC Minimum control speed with the critical engine inoperative.

VMO/MMO Maximum operating limit speed

VOR VHF omnidirectional range

VR Rotation speed